Shaving, even repeatedly, cannot thicken or densify hair.
Shearing helps some animals' coats grow in an increased, more synchronous manner.
In humans, shaven hair on the head and body grows back with a square tip and not a pointed one, which could give the impression of thicker, coarser hair, but there is no increase in density. Sporting a goatee does not change the growth pattern of the beard based on shaven areas and non-shaven areas and the same goes for partially shaven hair on the head, whether a punk hairstyle or a monk's tonsure.